Site No. |
Site Name |
Time Period |
Component |
Lab Number |
C14 Age |
Sigma |
Date |
Calibrated Age |
Calibrated BP Age |
References |
15ED1 |
Mammoth Cave (cane charcoal) |
Early Woodland |
SI-6890B |
2495 |
80 |
545 BC |
759, 676, 658, 641, 550 BC |
2708, 2625, 2607, 2590, 2499 |
Patty Jo Watson, personal communication 1992 |
|
15HT15 |
Salts Cave (climbing pole) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-47472 |
2495 |
60 |
545 BC |
759, 676, 658, 641, 550 BC |
2708, 2625, 2607, 2590, 2499 |
Patty Jo Watson, personal communication 1992 |
|
46PU99 |
Parkline |
Woodland |
Beta-34196 |
2491 |
70 |
540 BC |
758, 679, 652, 648, 547 BC |
2707, 2628, 2601, 2597, 2496 |
Niquette and Hughes 1991; Niquette and Kerr 1993 |
|
15FD55 |
Feature 2 |
Early Woodland |
Beta-53333 |
2490 |
80 |
540 BC |
758, 679, 650, 547 BC |
2707, 2628, 2599, 2496 |
Stallings & Stallings 1992 |
|
15HT15 |
Salts Cave (digging stick) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-47471 |
2490 |
60 |
540 BC |
758, 679, 650, 547 BC |
2707, 2628, 2599, 2496 |
Patty Jo Watson, personal communication 1992 |
|
46MO1 |
Cotiga Mound |
Pitt-1033 |
2485 |
30 |
353 BC |
757, 683, 543 BC |
2706, 2632, 2492 |
Frankenberg and Henning 1993 |
||
15GP15 |
Bentley |
Late Woodland |
Newtown Phase |
TL date |
2480 |
160 |
530 BC |
Henderson & Pollack 1985 |
||
33GA16 |
Bob Evans Rockshelter |
CWRU-98 |
2480 |
230 |
530 BC |
755, 686, 540 BC |
2704, 2635, 2489 |
Murphy 1974a:14 |
||
15BD306 |
Viney Branch Mound |
Middle Woodland |
Beta-10316 |
2470 |
125 |
520 BC |
753, 699, 533 BC |
2702, 2648, 2482 |
Aument 1985 |
|
15HT4 |
Salts Cave (charcoal) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-4649 |
2470 |
60 |
520 BC |
753, 699, 533 BC |
2702, 2648, 2482 |
Gardner 1987:359 |
|
15LE50 |
Cold Oak Shelter |
Early Woodland |
Cogswell Phase |
Beta-22518 |
2470 |
60 |
520 BC |
753, 699, 533 BC |
2702, 2648, 2482 |
O'Steen et al. 1991; Ison 1988 |
15LE50 |
Cold Oak Shelter |
Early Woodland |
Beta-55370 |
2470 |
90 |
520 BC |
753, 699, 533 BC |
2702, 2648, 2482 |
Kristen Gremillion personal communication 1992 |
|
33LN07 |
Leimbach |
OWU185 |
2470 |
310 |
520 BC |
753, 699, 533 BC |
2702, 2648, 2482 |
Ogden III and Hay 1967:330; Shane 1975:116 |
||
33WO07 |
Williams |
DIC-951 |
2470 |
55 |
520 BC |
753, 699, 533 BC |
2702, 2648, 2482 |
Stothers and Graves 1984 |
||
15GP14 |
Hansen |
Woodland |
Beta-15085 |
2460 |
70 |
510 BC |
750, 746, 526 BC |
2699, 2695, 2475 |
Ahler 1987, 1988 |
|
33LN07 |
Leimbach |
OWU250 |
2460 |
260 |
510 BC |
750, 746, 526 BC |
2699, 2695, 2475 |
Ogden III and Hay 1969:147 |
||
33MY16 |
Hines Mound |
UGA-1895 |
2460 |
135 |
510 BC |
750, 746, 526 BC |
2699, 2695, 2475 |
Baker 1978 |
||
33WO07 |
Williams |
Beta-6177 |
2460 |
70 |
510 BC |
750, 746, 526 BC |
2699, 2695, 2475 |
Stothers and Bechtel 1987:139; Stothers and Graves 1984 |
||
15BC138 |
Rockmaker (Feature 74, AS#317) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-49086 |
2450 |
60 |
500 BC |
519 BC |
2468 |
Ann Bader, personal communication 1992 |
|
15BU265 |
Riverwood Rockshelter |
Early Woodland |
M-2463 |
2450 |
140 |
500 BC |
519 BC |
2468 |
Crane & Griffin 1972: Jansen 1977 |
|
33JA159 |
Rais Rockshelter |
GX-1453 |
2445 |
95 |
495 BC |
515 BC |
2464 |
?? |
||
15MF36 |
Cloudsplitter Rockshelter |
Early Woodland |
UCLA-2313D |
2441 |
60 |
491 BC |
512, 433, 429 BC |
2461, 2382, 2378 |
Cowan et al. 1981 |
|
15BL35 |
Main site (Feature 119) |
Early Woodland |
Candy Creek Phase |
Beta-56431 |
2440 |
60 |
490 BC |
511, 435, 428 BC |
2460, 2384, 2377 |
Creasman 1994a |
15BL59 |
Feature 37 |
Beta-90741 |
2440 |
80 |
490 BC |
511, 435, 428 BC |
2460, 2384, 2377 |
Personal Communication, William O. Autry 1996 |
||
15JF549 |
Long Site (Feature 2) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-42897 |
2440 |
60 |
490 BC |
511, 435, 428 BC |
2460, 2384, 2377 |
Ann Bader, personal communication 1992 |
|
15JO40 |
Win Rockshelter |
Early Woodland |
DIC-1343 |
2440 |
210 |
490 BC |
511, 435, 428 BC |
2460, 2348, 2377 |
Adovasio 1982 |
|
33FR12 |
Dominion Land Company |
ETH-3071 |
2440 |
100 |
490 BC |
511, 435, 428 BC |
2460, 2384, 2377 |
Carr 1988 |
||
15HT4 |
Salts Cave (charcoal) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-4651 |
2430 |
50 |
480 BC |
479, 450, 420 BC |
2428, 2399, 2369 |
Gardner 1987:359 |
|
15HT4 |
Salts Cave (cane) |
Early Woodland |
M-1585 |
2430 |
130 |
480 BC |
479, 450, 420 BC |
2428, 2399, 2369 |
Crane & Griffin 1968; Watson 1969, 1974 |
|
15MO5 |
Big Mine Fork Rockshelter |
Early Woodland |
DIC-1345 |
2430 |
340 |
480 BC |
479, 450, 420 BC |
2428, 2399, 2369 |
Adovasio 1982 |
|
46MO1 |
Cotiga Mound |
Beta-52435 |
2430 |
50 |
480 BC |
479, 450, 420 BC |
2428, 2399, 2369 |
Frankenberg and Henning 1993 |
||
46WD46 |
Gordons Landing |
Adena |
DIC-1853 |
2430 |
80 |
480 BC |
479, 450, 420 BC |
2428, 2399, 2369 |
Hemmings 1985 |
|
15MO28 |
Ray Hill |
DIC-3199 |
2420 |
130 |
470 BC |
413 BC |
2362 |
Adovasio et. al. 1987:68 |
||
15OH13 |
Bowles |
Woodland |
UCLA-2117F |
2420 |
200 |
470 BC |
413 BC |
2362 |
Marquardt and Watson (editor) 1974 |
|
33FR43 |
Toepfner: Feat 6, Burial 24 |
SMU-2163 |
2414 |
235 |
464 BC |
410 BC |
2359 |
Carr 1996 |
||
15CR73 |
Grayson Site |
Late Archaic |
UGA-6130 |
2412 |
124 |
452 BC |
409 BC |
2358 |
Ledbetter and O'Steen 1991 |
|
15HT15 |
Salts Cave (carbonized cane) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-32684 |
2410 |
60 |
460 BC |
409 BC |
2358 |
Patty Jo Watson, personal communication 1992 |
|
15HT4 |
Salts Cave (charcoal) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-4683 |
2410 |
60 |
460 BC |
409 BC |
2358 |
Gardner 1987:359 |
|
33ER85 |
Seaman's Fort |
I16123 |
2410 |
80 |
460 BC |
409 BC |
2358 |
Stothers and Abel 1993:29 |
||
33FR43 |
Toepfner Mound |
M521 |
2410 |
200 |
460 BC |
409 BC |
2358 |
Crane and Griffin 1958 |
||
46PL13 |
Willow Island Md. |
Adena |
UGA-1526 |
2405 |
65 |
455 BC |
408 BC |
2357 |
Hemmings 1985 |
|
46PU7 |
Bills Creek Mound |
Adena |
UGA-5185 |
2405 |
65 |
455 BC |
408 BC |
2357 |
Maslowski 1988 |
|
15BE32 |
Hartman Mound |
Middle Woodland |
Adena |
M-2241 |
2400 |
150 |
450 BC |
407 BC |
2356 |
Crane & Griffin 1972 |
15MCY322 |
Campbell Shelter |
Late Woodland |
(Chesser Notched (?) Point) |
Beta-11588 |
2400 |
60 |
450 BC |
407 BC |
2356 |
Knudsen 1985 |
33TR58 |
Hoffaker |
?? |
2400 |
95 |
450 BC |
407 BC |
2356 |
Seeman 1986:570 |
||
33WO07 |
Williams |
Beta-6698 |
2400 |
100 |
450 BC |
407 BC |
2356 |
Stothers and Bechtel 1987:139; Stothers and Graves 1984 |
||
15ED1 |
Mammoth Cave (internal tissue) |
Early Woodland |
SI-3007A |
2395 |
75 |
445 BC |
406 BC |
2355 |
Watson (editor) 1974 |
|
15CK89 |
Stone |
Middle Woodland |
Adena |
DIC-2334 |
2390 |
50 |
440 BC |
405 BC |
2354 |
Turnbow et al. 1983 |
15JF110 |
Villier |
Early Woodland |
TX-3010 |
2390 |
70 |
440 BC |
405 BC |
2354 |
Collins et al. 1979 |
|
15LR24 |
Elk Creek Rockshelter (TU1,L2) |
Middle Woodland |
(Turner Check Stamped) |
Beta-55480 |
2390 |
50 |
440 BC |
405 BC |
2354 |
Hand 1992 |
33AT?? |
Rock Riffle Run Mound |
DIC-?? |
2390 |
60 |
440 BC |
405 BC |
2354 |
Murphy and Stehli 1977:11 |
||
33HO?2 |
Rock Riffle Run Mound |
?? |
2390 |
60 |
440 BC |
405 BC |
2354 |
Murphy and Stehli 1977:11 |
||
33WO07 |
Williams |
DIC-53 |
2390 |
95 |
440 BC |
405 BC |
2354 |
Sumodi 1974:173; Stothers and Graves 1984; Stothers 1973:26 |
||
46KA30 |
Murad Mound |
Armstrong |
M-1829 |
2390 |
130 |
440 BC |
405 BC |
2354 |
McMichael and Mairs 1969:14 |
|
15ED162 |
Kingbird Rockshelter (Fea. 1) |
Woodland |
(Mulberry Creek Plain) |
Beta-31115 |
2385 |
70 |
435 BC |
404 BC |
2353 |
Prentice 1990 |
15BE33-6 |
Rodgers (15BE33-36) |
Late Woodland |
Newtown Phase |
M-1353 |
2380 |
130 |
430 BC |
403 BC |
2352 |
Crane & Griffin 1966 |
15EL4 |
Conley-Greene Rockshelter(L2A) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-28609 |
2380 |
60 |
430 BC |
403 BC |
2352 |
Railey 1991 in Hockensmith 1991 |
|
15HT4 |
Salts Cave (charcoal) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-4682 |
2380 |
60 |
430 BC |
403 BC |
2352 |
Gardner 1987:359 |
|
33GA17 |
Bob Evans Mound |
DIC-256 |
2380 |
60 |
430 BC |
403 BC |
2352 |
Murphy 1976:30 |
||
33FR43 |
Toepfner Mound |
C-923 |
2377 |
150 |
427 BC |
402 BC |
2351 |
Libby 1955 |
||
15ED1 |
Mammoth Cave (cane) |
Early Woodland |
X-9 |
2370 |
60 |
420 BC |
401 BC |
2350 |
Watson 1969, 1974 |
|
15EL4 |
Conley-Greene Rockshelter(L2A) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-28610 |
2370 |
60 |
420 BC |
401 BC |
2350 |
Railey 1991 in Hockensmith 1991 |
|
33AT521 |
Boudinot 4 |
Beta-27479 |
2370 |
90 |
420 BC |
401 BC |
2350 |
Abrams 1989 |
||
33HO67 |
Dozer |
DIC-1714 |
2370 |
85 |
420 BC |
401 BC |
2350 |
Skinner and Norris 1981:342 |
||
33WO17c |
Asmus 3 |
DIC-229 |
2370 |
75 |
420 BC |
401 BC |
2350 |
Stothers and Abel 1993:28 |
||
46MR63 |
Wolf Run |
Adena |
UGA-918 |
2370 |
80 |
420 BC |
401 BC |
2350 |
Hemmings 1985 |
|
15WA6 |
Crumps Cave |
Woodland |
UGA-1840 |
2365 |
95 |
415 BC |
400 BC |
2349 |
Carstens 1980 |
|
33CT525 |
Unassigned |
Beta-38533 |
2360 |
130 |
410 BC |
399 BC |
2348 |
Jackson, Meyers and Steinkamp 1990:Appendix 7 |
||
33FA37 |
Phillip Smith Mound |
ETH3481 |
2360 |
90 |
410 BC |
399 BC |
2348 |
Carr 1988 |
||
46MS110 |
Newman Mound |
Late Adena |
Beta-22023 |
2360 |
80 |
410 BC |
399 BC |
2348 |
Niquette, Clay and Walters 1988 |
|
15HT4 |
Salts Cave (Paleofeces) |
Early Woodland |
M-1577 |
2350 |
140 |
400 BC |
397 BC |
2346 |
Crane & Griffin 1968; Watson (editor) 1974 |
|
15MO10 |
Burchett Flats |
Early Woodland |
DIC-1348 |
2350 |
50 |
400 BC |
397 BC |
2346 |
Adovasio 1982 |
|
33FA37 |
Phillip Smith Mound |
ETH3311 |
2350 |
110 |
400 BC |
397 BC |
2346 |
Carr 1988 |
||
33FR43 |
Toepfner Mound |
M520 |
2350 |
200 |
400 BC |
397 BC |
2346 |
Crane and Griffin 1958 |
||
33MU15 |
Nashport Mound |
DIC-471 |
2350 |
115 |
400 BC |
397 BC |
2346 |
Greber 1977 |
||
15BL35 |
Main site (Feature 133) |
Middle Woodland |
Candy Creek Phase |
Beta-56435 |
2340 |
110 |
390 BC |
395 BC |
2344 |
Creasman 1994a |
15HT4 |
Salts Cave (charcoal) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-4650 |
2340 |
50 |
390 BC |
395 BC |
2344 |
Gardner 1987:359 |
|
33AT521 |
Boudinot 4 |
Beta-26744 |
2340 |
70 |
390 BC |
395 BC |
2344 |
Abrams 1989 |
||
33GR05 |
Pollock Works |
Beta-35925 |
2340 |
60 |
390 BC |
395 BC |
2344 |
Riordan 1995:96 |
||
33HA377 |
Dravo Gravel |
2340 |
55 |
390 BC |
395 BC |
2344 |
Vickery 1980:42 |
|||
33RO?1 |
Turkey Tail Cache |
?? |
2340 |
80 |
390 BC |
395 BC |
2344 |
Grandstaff and Davis 1985 |
||
15BT5 |
Carlston Annis |
Woodland |
C-152 |
2336 |
250 |
386 BC |
394 BC |
2343 |
Webb 1950 |
|
15BL80 |
Mills site (Feature 29) |
Middle Woodland |
(Mills Series) |
Beta-56451 |
2330 |
60 |
380 BC |
393 BC |
2342 |
Creasman 1994b |
15BN20 |
Crystal Onyx Cave (human bone) |
Late Archaic |
ISGS-1674 |
2330 |
90 |
380 BC |
393 BC |
2342 |
Valerie Haskins 1988 |
|
33FR895 |
Marsh Run |
Beta-48082 |
2330 |
120 |
380 BC |
393 BC |
2342 |
Aument and Gibbs 1991:83 |
||
33WO07 |
Williams |
DIC-90 |
2330 |
120 |
380 BC |
393 BC |
2342 |
Stothers and Graves 1984; Stothers 1973:26 |
||
15BL35 |
Main site (Feature 123) |
Early Woodland |
Candy Creek Phase |
Beta-56432 |
2320 |
70 |
370 BC |
391 BC |
2340 |
Creasman 1994a |
15TR33 |
Lawrence |
Early Woodland |
UGA-242 |
2320 |
95 |
370 BC |
391 BC |
2340 |
Mocas 1977 |
|
46MO1 |
Cotiga Mound |
2320 |
150 |
370 BC |
391 BC |
2340 |
Frankenberg and Henning 1993 |
|||
46MO1 |
Cotiga Mound |
2320 |
170 |
370 BC |
391 BC |
2340 |
Frankenberg and Henning 1993 |
|||
46MO1 |
Cotiga Mound |
Beta-60600A |
2320 |
170 |
370 BC |
391 BC |
2340 |
Wall 1994 |
||
46MO1 |
Cotiga Mound |
Beta-61387 |
2320 |
150 |
370 BC |
391 BC |
2340 |
Wall 1994 |
||
15BT5 |
Carlston Annis |
Woodland |
UCLA-2117D |
2315 |
80 |
365 BC |
390 BC |
2339 |
Marquardt and Watson (editor) 1974 |
|
15BC164 |
Early Woodland |
Turkey-Tail, var Fulton (FKRS) |
Beta-70923 |
2310 |
80 |
360 BC |
389 BC |
2338 |
Martin C. Evans, personal communication, 1994 |
|
15BD306 |
Viney Branch Mound |
Middle Woodland |
UGA-869 |
2310 |
65 |
360 BC |
389 BC |
2338 |
Aument 1985, 1986 |
|
15BL59 |
Cumberland Ford I (Fea. 27) |
Late Archaic |
Beta-30314 |
2310 |
100 |
360 BC |
389 BC |
2338 |
Larry Kimball, personal communication 1993 |
|
15LV98 |
Bridge (Unit 3) |
Early Woodland |
Crab Orchard |
Beta-13416 |
2310 |
90 |
360 BC |
389 BC |
2338 |
Jack Nance, p. c. 1985 in Pollack (editor) 1990 |
33WO07 |
Williams |
Beta-6180 |
2310 |
80 |
360 BC |
389 BC |
2338 |
Stothers and Bechtel 1987:139; Stothers and Graves 1984 |
||
33FR63 |
Phillips Mound I |
OWU146 |
2305 |
535 |
355 BC |
387 BC |
2336 |
Ogden III and Hay 1967:328 |
||
33FR43 |
Toepfner Mound |
M517 |
2300 |
200 |
350 BC |
385 BC |
2334 |
Crane and Griffin 1958 |
||
46MR3 |
Welcome Md. |
Adena |
M-903 |
2300 |
200 |
350 BC |
385 BC |
2334 |
Dragoo 1963:294 |
|
15JO40 |
Win Rockshelter |
Early Woodland |
DIC-1342 |
2290 |
50 |
340 BC |
381 BC |
2330 |
Adovasio 1982 |
|
33MU?3 |
Merry's Cave |
TX2462 |
2290 |
50 |
340 BC |
381 BC |
2330 |
Valastro etal1980:1105;Morton and Carskadden 1987; Carskadden 1993 |
||
33MU15 |
Nashport Mound |
DIC-469 |
2290 |
80 |
340 BC |
381 BC |
2330 |
Greber 1977 |
||
15LA45 |
Blankenship Rockshelter III |
? |
UGA-1325 |
2285 |
245 |
335 BC |
379 BC |
2328 |
Fenwick 1976 |
|
33FA37 |
Phillip Smith Mound |
ETH3310 |
2285 |
100 |
355 BC |
379 BC |
2328 |
Carr 1988 |
||
33RO27 |
Hopewell Mound Group Md. 17 |
C-137 |
2285 |
210 |
335 BC |
379 BC |
2328 |
Libby 1955 |
||
15EL4 |
Conley-Greene Rockshelter(F.2) |
Early Woodland |
Beta-28611 |
2280 |
50 |
330 BC |
377 BC |
2326 |
Railey 1991 in Hockensmith 1991 |
|
15MT8 |
Calloway |
Middle Woodland |
Adena |
Beta-13737 |
2280 |
120 |
330 BC |
377 BC |
2326 |
Niquette 1985; Niquette & Boedy 1986 |
33FR43 |
Toepfner Mound |
M518 |
2280 |
200 |
330 BC |
377 BC |
2326 |
Crane and Griffin 1958 |
||
15HT4 |
Salts Cave (Paleofeces) |
Early Woodland |
M-1777 |
2270 |
140 |
320 BC |
372 BC |
2321 |
Crane & Griffin 1968; Watson 1969, 1974 |
|
33GR05 |
Pollock Works |
UGA-4242 |
2270 |
65 |
320 BC |
372 BC |
2321 |
Riordan 1982:14; Riordan 1995:96 |
||
46MS103 |
Niebert |
Adena |
PITT-0313 |
2270 |
40 |
320 BC |
372 BC |
2321 |
Clay and Niquette 1989 |
|
46PL13 |
Willow Island Md. |
Adena |
UGA-1527 |
2265 |
80 |
315 BC |
370 BC |
2319 |
Hemmings 1985 |
|
15FA166 |
Peter Village |
Middle Woodland |
(Adena Plain) |
Beta-7755 |
2260 |
60 |
310 BC |
368 BC |
2317 |
Clay 1985 |
15LE55 |
Big Turtle Shelter |
Early Woodland |
Cogswell Phase (?) |
Beta-10442 |
2260 |
120 |
310 BC |
368 BC |
2317 |
Cecil Ison personal communication 1992 |
15MCY325 |
Singer Shelter |
Late Archaic |
(Cotaco Creek Point) |
Beta-11587 |
2260 |
70 |
310 BC |
368 BC |
2317 |
Cecil Ison, p. c. 1990 in Pollack (editor) 1990 |
15MS27 |
Dover Mound |
Middle Woodland |
Adena |
M-2239 |
2260 |
140 |
310 BC |
368 BC |
2317 |
Crane & Griffin 1972 |
15MT8 |
Calloway |
Middle Woodland |
Adena |
ALPHA-2633 |
2260 |
300 |
310 BC |
368 BC |
2317 |
Niquette & Boedy 1986 |
33SA41 |
Green Creek |
Beta-6763 |
2260 |
90 |
310 BC |
368 BC |
2317 |
Bowen 1986 |
||
46MO1 |
Cotiga Mound |
Pitt-1016 |
2260 |
50 |
310 BC |
368 BC |
2317 |
Frankenberg and Henning 1993 |
||
46PU99 |
Parkline |
Woodland |
Beta-36734 |
2260 |
90 |
310 BC |
368 BC |
2317 |
Niquette and Hughes 1991; Niquette and Kerr 1993 |
|
46KA105 |
Jarvis Farm Md. |
UGA-1394 |
2255 |
75 |
305 BC |
366, 272, 268 BC |
2315, 2221, 2217 |
Hemmings 1985, Maslowski 1980 |
||
15GP15 |
Bentley |
Late Woodland |
Newtown Phase |
TL date |
2250 |
160 |
300 BC |
Henderson & Pollack 1985 |
||
15JF187 |
Sara |
Late Woodland |
2250 |
70 |
300 BC |
365, 275, 264 BC |
2314, 2224, 2213 |
Stephen Mocas, p. c. 1986 in Pollack (editor) 1990 |
||
15PI92 |
Martin Justice (Feature 3) |